combination of activities necessary to permit a PV system or its components to function
NOTE 1 Operation includes switching, controlling, monitoring and maintenance as well as any work activities
a) autonomous operation
also known as stand-alone operation (3.3.52i)
b) backfeed operation
mode of operation when electric power flows from a generating system into a utility grid
NOTE 2 Backfeed operation arises when the generating system generates more electricity than is used by local electrical loads
c) grid-connected operation
mode of operation in which a PV system is electrifying loads in parallel with a utility grid
NOTE 3 In a grid-connected operation, site loads will be electrified by either or both the utility or the PV system
NOTE 4 Electricity will be able to flow into the utility if the utility permits backfeed operation
d) grid-dependent operation
mode of operation in which a grid-connected inverter depends on the utility grid to initiate and continue the inverter's operation
e) islanding operation
mode of operation for operating an island
NOTE 5 Islanding operation includes maintaining frequency, voltage, power reserve, and instantaneous active and reactive power requirements
f) isolated operation
stable and temporary operation of a discrete part of a grid
NOTE 6 See also IEV 603-04-33
g) off-grid operation
also known as stand-alone operation (3.3.52i)
h) parallel operation
mode of operation when a grid-connected generator is supplying electricity to the grid or site loads at the same time as a utility grid
NOTE 7 Parallel operation is also known as grid-parallel operation
i) stand-alone operation
mode of operation in which loads are electrified solely by the PV system and not in parallel with a utility grid |