process by which an ingot is manufactured
a) Czochralski process
method of growing a perfect large-size single crystal by slowly lifting, under careful cooling conditions, a rotating seed crystal from a counter-rotating molten silicon bath
NOTE 1 The Czochralski process produces a cylindrical-section silicon ingot, which can be cut into wafers that are usually round or pseudo-square
b) directional solidification
method of making large-grain multicrystalline silicon ingots by controlling the cooling rate of molten silicon that has been placed in a square-section crucible
NOTE 2 Directional solidification produces a square-section silicon ingot that can be cut into wafers that are square or rectangular
c) electromagnetic casting
method of making multicrystalline silicon ingots by which a continuously fed square-sectional open-bottom cold crucible of molten silicon is continuously pulled downward through an electromagnetic field
NOTE 3 Electromagnetic casting produces a square-section silicon ingot that can be cut into wafers that are square or rectangular
d) float zone melting
method of growing and purifying high quality single crystal ingots |