IEVref:113-07-12ID:
Language:enStatus: Standard
Term: special Lorentz transformation
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Definition: transformation of four-vectors from one inertial frame S to another inertial frame S′ with parallel coordinate axes x k || x k ,k=1,2,3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaaca WGRbaabeaakiaacYhacaGG8bGabmiEayaafaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadUga aeqaaOGaaiilaiaaywW7caWGRbGaeyypa0JaaGymaiaacYcacaaIYa Gaaiilaiaaiodaaaa@411F@ , while moving along one of these axes usually denoted by k=1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacaabaaGcbaGaam4Aaiabg2da9iaaig daaaa@35B6@

Note 1 to entry: The term “special” in "special Lorentz transformation" is used with a different meaning than that in the term “special theory of relativity”.

Note 2 to entry: For a position vector ( x 0 = c 0 t,x,y,z ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaacaWG4bWaaS baaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaeyypa0Jaam4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaa beaakiaadshacaGGSaGaamiEaiaacYcacaWG5bGaaiilaiaadQhaai aawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@3F60@ and β =( β,0,0 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaWaa8HaaeaacaaMi8Uaiu gGjk7aaiaawEniaiabg2da9maabmaabaGaaKOSdiaacYcacaaIWaGa aiilaiaaicdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@3F1E@ as the velocity of S′ regarding to S, the special Lorentz transformation reads

c 0 t =γ( c 0 tβx ) x =γ( xβ c 0 t ) y =y z =z MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGceaqabeaacaWGJbWaaSbaaS qaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGabmiDayaafaGaeyypa0JaaK4SdmaabmaabaGa am4yamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaadshacqGHsislcGaDaMOSdi aayIW7caWG4baacaGLOaGaayzkaaaabaGabmiEayaafaGaeyypa0Ja aK4SdmaabmaabaGaamiEaiabgkHiTiaajk7acaaMc8Uaam4yamaaBa aaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiaajshaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaaeaaceWG5bGb auaacqGH9aqpcaWG5baabaGabmOEayaafaGaeyypa0JaamOEaaaaaa@54C9@

For a position vector ( x 0 =j c 0 t, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaacaWG4bWaaS baaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaciOAaiaadogadaWgaaWcbaGa aGimaaqabaGccaWG0bGaaiilaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqaba GccaGGSaGaamiEamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaakiaacYcacaWG4bWa aSbaaSqaaiaaiodaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@4323@ in a complex form with pseudo-Euclidian metric, and β =( β,0,0 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaa8Haaeaaca aMi8UamugGek7aIbGaay51GaGaeyypa0ZaaeWaaeaacqaHYoGycaGG SaGaaGimaiaacYcacaaIWaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@42AE@ as the velocity of S′ regarding to S, the special Lorentz transformation reads

x 0 =γ x 0 jβγ x 1 x 1 =jβγ x 0 +γ x 1 x 2 = x 2 x 3 = x 3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGceaqabeaaceWG4bGbauaada WgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcaqIZoGaamiEamaaBaaaleaa caaIWaaabeaakiabgkHiTiGacQgacGaDaMOSdiaajo7acaaMi8Uaam iEamaaBaaaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaOqaaiqadIhagaqbamaaBaaaleaa caaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iGacQgacaqIYoGaaK4SdiaayIW7caWG4b WaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaey4kaSIaaK4SdiaadIhadaWgaaWc baGaaGymaaqabaaakeaaceWG4bGbauaadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqaba GccqGH9aqpcaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikdaaeqaaaGcbaGabmiEayaa faWaaSbaaSqaaiaaiodaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamiEamaaBaaaleaaca aIZaaabeaaaaaa@59EF@

showing that the special Lorentz transformation is a rotation in a complex plane ( x 0 ; x 1 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaacaWG4bWaaS baaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaai4oaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqa baaakiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@392C@ with a complex angle φ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaaKOXdaaa@345D@ where tanφ=β MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaciiDaiaacggacaGGUb GaaKOXdiabg2da9iaajk7aaaa@3974@ .

Note 3 to entry: Two special Lorentz transformations along the same axis result in a special Lorentz transformation along the same axis. Two special Lorentz transformations along different axes usually result in a general Lorentz transformation.


Publication date:2022-06
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