IEVref:113-07-13ID:
Language:enStatus: Standard
Term: general Lorentz transformation
Synonym1: Lorentz transformation
[Preferred]
Synonym2:
Synonym3:
Symbol: L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaaaa@36AD@
Definition: transformation of four-vectors from one inertial frame S to another inertial frame S′ moving in any given direction

Note 1 to entry: General Lorentz transformations form a group. Denoting Ω L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaeyyQdC1aaSbaaSqaai aakYeaaeqaaaaa@359C@ the set of all general Lorentz transformations L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaaaa@36AD@ , following rules are fulfilled:

  1. the identity transformation I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaaaa@36AD@ belongs to Ω L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaaceGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaeyyQdC1aaSbaaSqaai aakYeaaeqaaaaa@359C@ ;
  2. a composition of general Lorentz transformations is associative, i.e. L ( L L )=( L L ) L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaacmGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGabCitayaafaWaaeWaae aaceWHmbGbayaaceWHmbGbaibaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacaGI9aWaaeWa aeaaceWHmbGbauaaceWHmbGbayaaaiaawIcacaGLPaaaceWHmbGbai baaaa@3C48@ ;
  3. to any L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaaaa@36AD@ exists an inverse one L 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaacmGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaaCitamaaCaaaleqaba GaeyOeI0IaaGymaaaaaaa@35B5@ such that L L 1 =I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX garuavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51MyVXgarqqtubsr4rNCHbGe aGqipG0dh9qqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm 0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=xfr=xb9ad baGaaiGabaqaamaacmGaaiGacmabaaGcbaGaaCitaiaahYeadaahaa WcbeqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaGccqGH9aqpcaWHjbaaaa@386C@ .

Note 2 to entry: A general Lorentz transformation is a linear, rotational transformation in space-time.

Note 3 to entry: A general Lorentz transformation for synchronized S, S' can be expressed by x _ _ =L x _ _ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaWqaaeaace WG4bGbauaaaaGaeyypa0JaaCitamaameaabaGaamiEaaaaaaa@39DB@ where L=( γ γ β x γ β y γ β z γ β x 1+ ( γ1 ) β x 2 β 2 ( γ1 ) β x β y β 2 ( γ1 ) β x β z β 2 γ β y ( γ1 ) β x β y β 2 1+ ( γ1 ) β y 2 β 2 ( γ1 ) β y β z β 2 γ β z ( γ1 ) β x β z β 2 ( γ1 ) β y β z β 2 1+ ( γ1 ) β z 2 β 2 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaiabg2 da9maabmaabaqbaeqabqabaaaaaeaacqaHZoWzaeaacqGHsislcqaH ZoWzcqaHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamiEaaqabaaakeaacqGHsislcqaHZo WzcqaHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamyEaaqabaaakeaacqGHsislcqaHZoWz cqaHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamOEaaqabaaakeaacqGHsislcqaHZoWzcq aHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamiEaaqabaaakeaacaaIXaGaey4kaSYaaSaa aeaadaqadaqaaiabeo7aNjabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacq aHYoGydaqhaaWcbaGaamiEaaqaaiaaikdaaaaakeaacqaHYoGydaah aaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaadaqadaqaaiabeo7aNj abgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacqaHYoGydaqhaaWcbaGaamiE aaqaaaaakiabek7aInaaBaaaleaacaWG5baabeaaaOqaaiabek7aIn aaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaaakeaadaWcaaqaamaabmaabaGaeq4S dCMaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabek7aInaaDaaaleaaca WG4baabaaaaOGaeqOSdi2aaSbaaSqaaiaadQhaaeqaaaGcbaGaeqOS di2aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaOqaaiabgkHiTiabeo7aNjabek 7aInaaBaaaleaacaWG5baabeaaaOqaamaalaaabaWaaeWaaeaacqaH ZoWzcqGHsislcaaIXaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeqOSdi2aa0baaSqaai aadIhaaeaaaaGccqaHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamyEaaqabaaakeaacqaH YoGydaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaGcbaGaaGymaiabgUcaRmaala aabaWaaeWaaeaacqaHZoWzcqGHsislcaaIXaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGa eqOSdi2aa0baaSqaaiaadMhaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGcbaGaeqOSdi2aaW baaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaOqaamaalaaabaWaaeWaaeaacqaHZoWz cqGHsislcaaIXaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeqOSdi2aa0baaSqaaiaadM haaeaaaaGccqaHYoGydaWgaaWcbaGaamOEaaqabaaakeaacqaHYoGy daahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaGcbaGaeyOeI0Iaeq4SdCMaeqOSdi 2aaSbaaSqaaiaadQhaaeqaaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaadaqadaqaaiabeo7a NjabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacqaHYoGydaqhaaWcbaGaam iEaaqaaaaakiabek7aInaaBaaaleaacaWG6baabeaaaOqaaiabek7a InaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaaakeaadaWcaaqaamaabmaabaGaeq 4SdCMaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabek7aInaaDaaaleaa caWG5baabaaaaOGaeqOSdi2aaSbaaSqaaiaadQhaaeqaaaGcbaGaeq OSdi2aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaOqaaiaaigdacqGHRaWkdaWc aaqaamaabmaabaGaeq4SdCMaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGaayjkaiaawMcaai abek7aInaaDaaaleaacaWG6baabaGaaGOmaaaaaOqaaiabek7aInaa CaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaaaaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@D064@

In the case where the representation of four-vectors is given by x _ _ =( x 0 ; x ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaWqaaeaaca WG4baaaiabg2da9iaacIcacaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGa ai4oaiqadIhagaWcaiaacMcaaaa@3D00@ and their transposition by x _ _ T := ( x 0 ; x ) T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaWqaaeaaca WG4baaamaaCaaaleqabaGaamivaaaakiacakSG6aGaeyypa0ZaaeWa aeaacaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaai4oaiqadIhagaWcaa GaayjkaiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqabaGaamivaaaaaaa@414E@ , then L=( γ γ β T γ β I+Γ ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaiabg2 da9maabmaabaqbaeqabiGaaaqaaiabeo7aNbqaaiabgkHiTiabeo7a Njqbek7aIzaalaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGubaaaaGcbaGaeyOeI0Iaeq 4SdCMafqOSdiMbaSaaaeaacaWHjbGaey4kaSIaaC4KdaaaaiaawIca caGLPaaaaaa@4764@ , where I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCysaaaa@36AA@ is the 3×3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaG4maiabgE na0kaaiodaaaa@3969@ identity matrix and Γ= ( γ1 ) β 2 β β T MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaC4Kdiabg2 da9maalaaabaWaaeWaaeaacqaHZoWzcqGHsislcaaIXaaacaGLOaGa ayzkaaaabaGaeqOSdi2aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaakiqbek7aIz aalaGafqOSdiMbaSaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadsfaaaaaaa@43E5@ is a three-dimensional matrix built from the dyadic product of the normalized velocity β MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaS aaaaa@378B@ .

Note 4 to entry: The coherent SI unit of the matrix L MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqipu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeWaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCitaaaa@36AD@ describing the general Lorentz transformation is one, symbol 1.


Publication date:2022-06
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